MwanzoXDR / USD • Sarafu
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Kuhusu XDR
Special drawing rights are supplementary foreign exchange reserve assets defined and maintained by the International Monetary Fund. SDRs are units of account for the IMF, and not a currency per se. They represent a claim to currency held by IMF member countries for which they may be exchanged. SDRs were created in 1969 to supplement a shortfall of preferred foreign exchange reserve assets, namely gold and U.S. dollars. The ISO 4217 currency code for special drawing rights is XDR and the numeric code is 960.
SDRs are allocated by the IMF to countries, and cannot be held or used by private parties. The number of SDRs in existence was around XDR 21.4 billion in August 2009. During the 2008 financial crisis, an additional XDR 182.6 billion was allocated to "provide liquidity to the global economic system and supplement member countries' official reserves". By October 2014, the number of SDRs in existence was XDR 204 billion. Due to economic stress caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, several finance ministers of poorer countries called for a new allocation to support member economies as they seek ways to recover, and some economists called for the allocation to be as high as $4T. WikipediaKuhusu Dola ya Marekani
Dola ya Marekani ni sarafu rasmi ya Marekani, iliyoanzishwa mwaka 1792 na kutolewa na Hifadhi ya Shirikisho. Ni sarafu kuu ya akiba duniani, inayotumika sana katika biashara ya kimataifa, bidhaa, na masoko ya fedha za kigeni. Mbali na Marekani, nchi kama Ecuador, El Salvador, na Zimbabwe pia hutumia dola ya Marekani kama sarafu yao rasmi.
Dola ya Marekani inapatikana kwa noti za dola 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50 na 100. Kuna pia sarafu ya dola 1.
Dola moja ina senti 100. Senti huitwa pia "penny" nchini Marekani. Kuna sarafu za nusu dolar, robo dolar na sarafu za senti 10, 5 na 1.
Hadi mwaka 1969 noti ya dolar ya Marekani ilikuwa na ahadi ya kwamba serikali ya Marekani itampatia kila mtu dhahabu kulingana na thamani ya dola hizi akipenda kuzibadilisha.
Usawa huu na thamani ya dhahabu ulifutwa. Leo hii dola ya Marekani ni pesa ya kuiamini serikali kama pesa zote. Maana yake watumiaji husadiki ya kwamba serikali haitachapisha dola kushinda uwezo wa uchumi na thamani ya bidhaa zilizopo nchini Tanzania.
Tangu mwisho wa Vita Kuu ya Pili ya Dunia dola ya Marekani imekuwa pesa kuu duniani na sehemu kubwa ya biashara ya kimataifa hukadiriwa kwa dola hizo. Wikipedia